Details for anatomical structure: granulosa cell
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- Related structures
- Hormones
- Receptors
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Synonyms
granulosa cell, follicular epithelial cell, follicular cell,Links to other resources
Cytomer | cy0044754 |
Related structures
Larger structures
Substructures
Secreted hormones
-
Hormone: inhibin B
- Inhibin B is a product of the granulosa cells of growing preantral and antral follicles. [1]
-
Hormone: estradiol
Influenced by:
- follitropin receptor in granulosa_cell
- BMP receptor type IB
in
granulosa_cell
- BMP-4 and BMP-7 enhance FSH-dependent estradiol production, suggesting that BMP factors regulate granulosa cell differentiation, particularty in delaying the luteinization process. [4]
-
Hormone: inhibin A
-
Hormone: VEGF-165
-
Hormone: angiotensin II
-
Hormone: progesterone
Influenced by:
- LHCGR-1
in
granulosa_cell
- Progesterone secretion was enhanced by all agents that caused down-regulationo f the LH receptor; however, there was little correlation between progesterone secretion and down-regulation [5]
- BMP receptor type IB
in
granulosa_cell
- BMP-4, a known ligand of Alk6, inhibits progesterone secretion by ovine granulosa cells in the absence of FSH. [6]
- BMP-4 modulates progesterone by inhibiting the steroidogenic factor-1 (SF-1) transcriptional activity on steroidogenic gene promotors. In FSH-induced conditions, this mechanism might be reinforced by an inhibition of adenylate cyclase activity. [7]
- PRLR
in
ovary
- The luteotropic action of prolactin involves stimulation of progesterone production by luteal cells. [8]
- LHCGR-1
in
granulosa_cell
-
Hormone: estrogen
Influenced by:
- LHCGR-1
in
granulosa_cell
- In females, luteinizing hormone receptor activation is required for estrogen synthesis , and LH surge from the pituitary triggers ovulation and luteinization of granulosa cell to form corpus luteum. [9]
- PRLR
in
granulosa_cell
- In granulose cells. prolactin inhibits estrogen synthesis. [10]
- LHCGR-1
in
granulosa_cell
Receptors
-
Receptor: follitropin receptor
Induced phenotype:
- granulosa cell differentiation
- Follicle-stimuating hormone has a central role in ovarian folliculogenesis, particularly in regulating granulosa cell differentiation, it enhances expression of steroidogenic enzymes such as cytochrome P450 side-chain cleavage and P450 aromatase (these actions are importantly modulated by various growth factors, acting in paracrine or autocrine way). [11]
- ovarian follicle development
- Follicle-stimuating hormone has a central role in ovarian folliculogenesis. [11]
Influences:
- granulosa cell differentiation
-
Receptor: LHCGR-1
Induced phenotype:
- regulation of ovulation
- Luteinizing hormone is important for progesterone and prostaglandin secretion and ovulation. [5]
Influences:
- progesterone
- Progesterone secretion was enhanced by all agents that caused down-regulationo f the LH receptor; however, there was little correlation between progesterone secretion and down-regulation [5]
- estrogen
- In females, luteinizing hormone receptor activation is required for estrogen synthesis , and LH surge from the pituitary triggers ovulation and luteinization of granulosa cell to form corpus luteum. [9]
- regulation of ovulation
-
Receptor: AR
Induced phenotype:
- ovarian follicle development
- Studies with AR knockout mice have revealed that AR function is essential for maintaining female fertility, notably through optimizing the conditions for follicular growth, final follicle development and ovulation. [12]
- ovarian follicle development
-
Receptor: PRLR
Influences:
-
Receptor: ER-alpha
Induced phenotype:
- reproduction
- ovarian follicle development
- Higher ER alpha gene expression in granulosa cells in patients with endometriosis, compared with patients with tubular infertility, implies that endometriosis may cause ovarian dysfunction. [13]
-
Receptor: ER-beta
Induced phenotype:
- reproduction
- ovarian follicle development
- ER beta is upregulated in patients with endometriosis. Elevated ER expression might be a leading cause of ovarian dysfunction. [13]
-
Receptor: leptin receptor
- Transcripts encoding both the long and short isoforms of the leptin receptor were present in human granulosa cells; however, the short isoforms were expressed at much higher levels. [14]
Induced phenotype:
- negative regulation of steroid hormone biosynthetic
- Leptin inhibited insulin-induced steroidogenesis by bovine granulosa cells. [15]
- Leptin, at physiologic concentrations, directly affects insulin-induced steroidogenesis of granulosa cells. Normally fluctuating concentrations of leptin in blood may play an important role in communicating the metabolic status of the animal to the reproductive system. [15]
- Leptin significantly suppresses LH-induced estradiol production. This is consistent with an endocrine action of leptin on the human ovary, with possible implications for female reproduction in health and disease. [14]
- High dose of leptin suppressed LH-stimulated estradiol production in human granulosa cells. [14]
-
Receptor: angiotensin II type 1 receptor
Induced phenotype:
- regulation of angiogenesis
- In conjunction with the angiotensin II type 1 receptor, angiotensin II mediates angiogenesis in the ovary via secretion of vascular endothelial growth factor. [16]
- regulation of angiogenesis
-
Receptor: BMP receptor type IB
Influences:
- progesterone
- BMP-4, a known ligand of Alk6, inhibits progesterone secretion by ovine granulosa cells in the absence of FSH. [6]
- BMP-4 modulates progesterone by inhibiting the steroidogenic factor-1 (SF-1) transcriptional activity on steroidogenic gene promotors. In FSH-induced conditions, this mechanism might be reinforced by an inhibition of adenylate cyclase activity. [7]
- estradiol
- BMP-4 and BMP-7 enhance FSH-dependent estradiol production, suggesting that BMP factors regulate granulosa cell differentiation, particularty in delaying the luteinization process. [4]
- progesterone