Details for anatomical structure: mammary gland
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- General information
- Related structures
- Hormones
- Receptors
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- Top
- General information
- Related structures
- Hormones
- Receptors
-
Click to access the toolbox
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Synonyms
mammary gland, lactiferous gland, Glandula mammariaGeneral information
The compound alveolar apocrine secretory gland that forms the breast; it consists of 15 to 24 lobes, each consisting of many lobules, separated by adipose tissue and fibrous septa; the parenchyma of the resting gland consists of ducts; the alveoli develop only during pregnancyLinks to other resources
Cytomer | cy0048580 |
Related structures
Larger structures
Substructures
Secreted hormones
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Hormone: BCA-1
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Hormone: semaphorin 3F
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Hormone: NOV
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Hormone: CTGF
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Hormone: CST6
- Cystatin M is expressed by normal mammary cells and a variety of human tissues. [1]
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Hormone: uteroglobin
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Hormone: FGF-1 isoform 1
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Hormone: FGF-2
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Hormone: PTH
Influenced by:
- CaSR
in
mammary_gland
- The CaR is expressed prominently in the parathyroid gland and in the kidney, and activation of the receptor by increased Ca2+ suppresses PTH secretion and increases renal calcium excretion [2]
- CaSR
in
mammary_gland
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Hormone: PTHLH
Influenced by:
- CaSR
in
mammary_gland
- The calcium-sensing receptor (CaR) is a G-protein-coupled receptor that signals in response to extracellular calcium and regulates parathyroid hormone secretion. The CaR is also expressed on normal mammary epithelial cells (MMECs), where it has been shown to inhibit secretion of parathyroid hormone-related protein (PTHrP) and participate in the regulation of calcium and bone metabolism during lactation. [2]
- CaSR
in
mammary_gland
Receptors
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Receptor: CaSR
Influences:
- PTH
- The CaR is expressed prominently in the parathyroid gland and in the kidney, and activation of the receptor by increased Ca2+ suppresses PTH secretion and increases renal calcium excretion [2]
- PTHLH
- The calcium-sensing receptor (CaR) is a G-protein-coupled receptor that signals in response to extracellular calcium and regulates parathyroid hormone secretion. The CaR is also expressed on normal mammary epithelial cells (MMECs), where it has been shown to inhibit secretion of parathyroid hormone-related protein (PTHrP) and participate in the regulation of calcium and bone metabolism during lactation. [2]
- ACTH
- CaSR activation led to the stimulation of cAMP production, and PTHrP and ACTH secretion from these cells. [3]
- PTH
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Receptor: PRLR
Induced phenotype:
- synthesis of milk proteins
- Prolactin is the hormone primarily responsible for the synthesis of milk proteins. [4]
- synthesis of lipids
- Prolactin is the hormone primarily responsible for the synthesis of lipids. [5]
- synthesis of lactose
- Prolactin is the hormone primarily responsible for the synthesis of lactose. [6]
- mammary gland development
- The terminal stage of mammary gland development, lobuloalveolar growth, is directly regulated by prolactin. [7]
- synthesis of milk proteins
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Receptor: ER-beta
Induced phenotype:
- mammary gland development
- Estrogens are key regulators in mammary development and breast cancer and their effects are mediated by estrogen receptors ER alpha and beta. [8]
- mammary gland development
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Receptor: ER-alpha
Induced phenotype:
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Receptor: progesterone receptor
Induced phenotype:
- mammary gland morphogenesis
- The progesterone receptor exists as two isoforms, PRA and PRB, differing by the length of the N-terminal end and originating from translation reinitiation at an internal methionine codon. Studies with transgenic mice show that the ratio of both forms is essential for proper development of the mammary gland. [11]
- mammary gland morphogenesis
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Receptor: TGF-beta type II receptor
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Receptor: neuropilin 1
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Receptor: glypican 1
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Receptor: OTR
Induced phenotype: