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Details for anatomical structure: melanocyte

EndoNet ID: ENC00082

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Synonyms

melanocyte, melanodendrocyte, Melanocytus

General information

They produce melanin

Links to other resources

Cytomer cy0049136

Larger structures

  • epidermis
  • skin
  • immune_system
  • eye

Substructures

    Secreted hormones

    • Hormone: FSH

      Influenced by:

      • thrombin receptor
        in brain
      • gonadotropin-releasing hormone receptor
        in basophil_gonadotroph_cell_of_anterior_pituitary_FSH
      • ER-alpha
        in basophil_gonadotroph_cell_of_anterior_pituitary_FSH
        • The action of estradiol is dependent upon its concentration. It can either increase or decrease the responsiveness to GnRH. [1]

    • Hormone: GROalpha

    • Hormone: FGF-2

    • Hormone: IL-1F9-1

    • Hormone: IL-1F5

    • Hormone: pigment epithelium-derived factor

    • Hormone: Dynamin-2

    Receptors

    • Receptor: MC1R

      Induced phenotype:

      • melanin synthesis
        • Alpha-MSH acts as an agonist by binding to melanocortin receptor 1 (MC1-R) and elevting intracellular cAMP to induce eumelanin synthesis in the follicular melanocytes. [2]
      • antiapoptotic effect
        • The antiapoptotic effect of alpha-MSH was linked to reduction in cyclopyrimidine dimers, the major UV-induced DNA photoproduct. The antiapoptotic effects of alpha-MSH and the reduction in UVB-induced cyclopyrimidine dimers were not observed in melanocytes expressing loss-of function mutation of MC-1R. [3]

      Influences:

      • MSH

    • Receptor: ACTH receptor

      Induced phenotype:

      • pigmentation
        • The ACTH receptors regulates, together with the MSH receptor, the pigmentation by controlling the relative amounts of eumelanin and phaeomelanin. [4]

    • Receptor: ALCAM

    • Receptor: Sphingosine 1-phosphate receptor 1

    Reference