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Details for anatomical structure: neutrophil granulocyte

EndoNet ID: ENC00217

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Synonyms

neutrophil granulocyte, neutrocyte, neutrophilic leukocyte, polymorphonuclear neutrophil leukocyte, Granulocytus neutrophilicus

General information

granulocytic leukocyte with a multilobed nucleus with up to six segments; they contain substances that destroy bacteria (granules), are able to phagocyte and play a key role in the acute inflammatory reaction

Links to other resources

Cytomer cy0011309

Larger structures

  • bronchi
  • circulatory_system__hematopoietic_system
  • parts_of_human_body
  • immune_system
  • blood
  • bone_marrow
  • lung

Substructures

    Secreted hormones

    • Hormone: neutrophil defensin 4

    • Hormone: neutrophil defensin 3

    • Hormone: neutrophil defensin 1

    • Hormone: defensin alpha 1

    • Hormone: lipocalin 2

      • Besides neutrophils, NGAL is expressed in most tissues normally exposed to microorganisms, and its synthesis is induced in epithelial cells during inflammation. [1]

    • Hormone: ENA-78

    • Hormone: GRObeta

    • Hormone: PAF

    • Hormone: IL-8

      Influenced by:

      • TNFR1
        in neutrophil_granulocyte
        • Early TNF-alpha (accumulating 4 hrs after LTA exposure), considerably stimulated the late phase of IL-8 secretion in an autocrine manner. [2]
      • IL-10R-alpha
        in neutrophil_granulocyte
        • IL-10 blocked the late phase of LTA-mediated neutrophil IL-8 synthesis, whereas the early phase (i.e., 8 hrs after stimulation with LTA) of IL-8 synthesis was insensitive to the anti-inflammatory cytokine. [3]
      • EGFR isoform a
        in neutrophil_granulocyte
        • EGF alone was able to prime CD11b expression and IL-8 production by PMN. [4]

    • Hormone: IL-1 beta

    • Hormone: TNF-alpha

    • Hormone: IL-1RA

      • In LPS-challenged neutrophils, large amounts of soluble TNFRs p55 and p75 (sTNFRI, sTNFRII), and IL-1R antagonist (IL-1RA), rising constantly with the cell density, were detected. [3]

    • Hormone: HBP

    • Hormone: cathelicidin

    • Hormone: soluble PSGL-1

    • Hormone: proteinase 3

    • Hormone: elastase-2

    • Hormone: elafin

    • Hormone: 20-hydroxy LTB4

    • Hormone: Syntaxin-4

      • Expressed in neutrophils and neutrophil-differentiated HL-60 cells. Expression in neutrophils increases with differentiation.

    Receptors

    • Receptor: leukosialin

    • Receptor: glucocorticoid receptor

    • Receptor: GR-beta

    • Receptor: H1

    • Receptor: H2

    • Receptor: histamine H4 receptor

    • Receptor: CXCR1

    • Receptor: IL-8R B

    • Receptor: CEACAM-1 isoform B

    • Receptor: CEACAM-1 isoform C

    • Receptor: biliary glycoprotein 1

      Influences:

      • interleukin 6
        • Evidence in mice suggests that biliary glycoprotein activation on murine dendritic cells causes IL-6 and IL-12 release. [5]
      • IL-12
        • 451 Evidence in mice suggests that biliary glycoprotein activation on murine dendritic cells causes IL-6 and IL-12 release. 1410 [5]

    • Receptor: CEACAM-6

    • Receptor: IL-10R-alpha

      Influences:

      • IL-8
        • IL-10 blocked the late phase of LTA-mediated neutrophil IL-8 synthesis, whereas the early phase (i.e., 8 hrs after stimulation with LTA) of IL-8 synthesis was insensitive to the anti-inflammatory cytokine. [3]

    • Receptor: CD14

    • Receptor: TLR2

    • Receptor: TLR4

    • Receptor: TLR9

    • Receptor: EGFR isoform a

      Influences:

      • IL-8
        • EGF alone was able to prime CD11b expression and IL-8 production by PMN. [4]

    • Receptor: TNFR1

      Influences:

      • IL-8
        • Early TNF-alpha (accumulating 4 hrs after LTA exposure), considerably stimulated the late phase of IL-8 secretion in an autocrine manner. [2]

    • Receptor: TNFR2

    • Receptor: CCR3

    • Receptor: CEACAM-1 isoform A

    • Receptor: PSGL-1

    • Receptor: ADAM17

      Induced phenotype:

      • ectodomain shedding
        • ADAM17 deficient neutrophils failed to shed L-selectin in response to PMA. [6]

    • Receptor: SIGLEC-7

    • Receptor: ROBO1

    • Receptor: FPRL1

    • Receptor: oxoeicosanoid receptor 1

    • Receptor: parathyroid hormone 2 receptor

      • PTH2 receptor is expressed on human granulocytes and--to a lesser degree--on monocytes and lymphocytes [7]

    • Receptor: bradykinin receptor B1

      Induced phenotype:

      • Neutrophil chemotaxis

    • Receptor: CCR6

      • Cytokine-activated PMNLs (polymorphonuclear leukocytes) expressed functional CCR6. [8]

      Induced phenotype:

      • Neutrophil chemotaxis
        • hBD-2 induces the chemotaxis of TNF-α-pretreated neutrophils. [9]
        • Our results suggest that hBD-2 and MIP-3α share CCR6 as their main receptor on neutrophils; however, neutrophils may possess an additional receptor(s) for hBD-2. [9]

    • Receptor: G-CSF-R

      • The G-CSFR is expressed by all neutrophils and their precursors. [10]

      Induced phenotype:

      • regulation of neutrophil production
        • G-CSF plays a role in neutrophil production via its receptor G-CSFR. [10]
    Reference