Details for anatomical structure: lymphocyte
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- General information
- Related structures
- Hormones
- Receptors
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- Top
- General information
- Related structures
- Hormones
- Receptors
-
Click to access the toolbox
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Synonyms
lymphocyte, lymphoid cell, lympholeukocyte, LymphocytusGeneral information
mononuclear leukocyte; main function is the defense of pathogens und destruction of normal cells; differentiation between B-lymphocytes and T-lymphocytes (there are 85% T-cells in normal blood); age ranges from a few days to many yearsLinks to other resources
Cytomer | cy0011493 |
Related structures
Larger structures
Substructures
Secreted hormones
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Hormone: TNF-beta
- Tumour necrosis factors, TNF-alpha and TNF-beta (previously called lymphotoxin), are the products of activated monocytes and lymphocytes. [1]
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Hormone: IL-13
- IL-13 is a pleiotropic cytokine produced in large quantities by activated CD4(+) Th2 lymphocytes. [2]
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Hormone: IL-7
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Hormone: CLC
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Hormone: IL-2
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Hormone: MIP-1 alpha
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Hormone: MIP-1 beta
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Hormone: soluble P-selectin
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Hormone: soluble PSGL-1
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Hormone: FGF-3
Influenced by:
- ESL-1 in lymphocyte
Receptors
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Receptor: L-selectin
- The constitutive expression of L-selectin by naive lymphocytes ans peripheral node adhesins by high endothelial venules within peripheral lymph nodes mediates the continuous recirculation of lymphocytes between blood and lymph. [3]
Induced phenotype:
- lymphocyte migration into lymph node
- dominant role of L-selectin in mediating lymphocyte migration to the peripheral lymph node [3]
- L-selectin also supports lymphocyte migration to the mesenteric lymph nodes and Peyer's patches [3]
- optimal wound healing was found to require the cooperative interactions of all three selectins and ICAM-1 [3]
- wound healing
- optimal wound healing was found to require the cooperative interactions of all three selectins and ICAM-1 [3]
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Receptor: beta-2 adrenoreceptor
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Receptor: IgE Fc receptor gamma-subunit
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Receptor: PSGL-1
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Receptor: CD6
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Receptor: complement C3d receptor
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Receptor: TNFRSF25
- TNFRSF25 is expressed in roughly equal amounts in B cells and CD4+ or CD8+ T cells, it is not expressed in macrophages. [4]
Induced phenotype:
- positive regulation of lymphocyte apoptosis
- The potential importance of TNFRSF25 in lymphocyte apoptosis is reflected by its restricted pattern of expression, predominantly on lymphocytes. [4]
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Receptor: ESL-1
Influences:
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Receptor: PRLR
Induced phenotype:
- positive regulation of immunoglobulin production
- In lymphocytes, PRL is known to increase antibody formation, including IgG and IgM antibodies. [5]
- positive regulation of lymphocyte proliferation
- In lymphocytes, PRL is known to induce cellular proliferation. [6]
- interleukin-2 receptor complex
- Prolactin has to been reported to increase receptor levels for interleukin-2. [7]
- erythropoietin receptor activity
- Prolactin has been reported to increase receptor levels for erythropoietin. [8]
- prolactin receptor activity
- Prolactin has been reported to increase receptor levels for prolactin. [9]
- negative regulation of lymphocyte apoptosis
- In addition to stimulating proliferation, PRL has been shown to inhibit apoptosis of lymphocytes. [10]
- activation of malignant B cells
- regulation of immune system process
- Administration of PRL is associated with increased graft rejection. [13]
- positive regulation of immunoglobulin production
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Receptor: Sphingosine 1-phosphate receptor 4
Induced phenotype:
- regulation of leukocyte migration
- S1PR4 is the receptor for the lysosphingolipid sphingosine 1-phosphate (S1P). S1P is a bioactive lysophospholipid that elicits diverse physiological effect on most types of cells and tissues. May be involved in cell migration processes that are specific for lymphocytes. [14]
- regulation of leukocyte migration
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Receptor: Sphingosine 1-phosphate receptor 5
Induced phenotype:
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Receptor: Sphingosine 1-phosphate receptor 1
Induced phenotype:
- regulation of lymphocyte proliferation
- The downregulation of S1PR1 expression that occurs after TCR activation seems to contribute to the retention and proliferation of antigen-bearing cells in the lymph nodes. [16]
- regulation of leukocyte migration
- Lymphocytes that lack S1PR1 expression cannot egress from lymph nodes and thymus, and lymphocytes with decreased receptor expression levels have a corresponding decreased rate of egress. [16]
- regulation of lymphocyte proliferation
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Receptor: Lysophosphatidic acid receptor 2
Induced phenotype:
- regulation of immune response
- LPA receptor 2 is widely expressed in the adult mouse and might be involved in the control of lymphocyte function. [17]
- regulation of immune response
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Receptor: Probable G-protein coupled receptor 132
Induced phenotype:
- regulation of actin cytoskeleton organization
- G2A may relay signals regulating APC migration between tissue and lymph in response to LPC produced at inflammatory sites through its effects on actin cytoskeleton reorganization. [18]
- lymphocyte homeostasis
- Old G2A-deficient mice (older than 1 year) develop a late-onset autoimmune syndrome, indicating that G2A plays a role in the control of lymphocyte homeostasis. [19]
- regulation of actin cytoskeleton organization
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Receptor: parathyroid hormone 2 receptor
- PTH2 receptor is expressed on human granulocytes and--to a lesser degree--on monocytes and lymphocytes [20]