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Synonyms
hematopoietic stem cell, ,
General information
Hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) are multipotent stem cells that give rise to all the blood cell types from the myeloid (monocytes and macrophages, neutrophils, basophils, eosinophils, erythrocytes, megakaryocytes/platelets, dendritic cells), and lymphoid lineages (T-cells, B-cells, NK-cells).
In human hematopoietic cells, FLT3 expression is restricted to the CD34-positive fraction of bone marrow and a smaller fraction of CD34-negative cells destined to become dendritic cells. [4]
Deregulated tyrosine kinase activity has long been implicated in the molecular pathogenesis of cancer, including leukemia, and mutant forms of KIT, ABL, and platelet-derived growth factor receptor (PDGF-R) number among the constitutively activated tyrosine kinases that have been identified as causative factors in specific hematologic malignancies. [4]
FMS-like tyrosine kinase-3 (FLT3), a member of the PDGF-R subfamily of receptor tyrosine kinases, is the most recent major addition to this list [4]
A number of FLT3 activating mutations have been found in leukemia patients and human leukemia-derived cell lines. [4]
FLT3 activating mutations occur in 30% of AML cases and are therefore the most common molecular abnormality in that disease. [4]