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Details for anatomical structure: microglial cell in central nervous system

EndoNet ID: ENC00423

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Synonyms

microglial cell in central nervous system, , Macrophagocytus stabilis

General information

Microglia are thought to be the main source of phagocytic cells in the central nervous system

Links to other resources

Cytomer cy0011308

Larger structures

  • area_postrema_of_pons
  • isocortex
  • glial_cell_of_central_nervous_system
  • brain
  • peripheral_nerve_system_element
  • epiphysis
  • pituitary_gland_of_diencephalon
  • arcuate_nucleus_of_hypothalamus
  • spinal_cord
  • hippocampus
  • tegmentum_of_mesencephalon
  • internal_ear
  • cerebral_cortex
  • amygdaloid_body
  • suprachiasmatic_nucleus_of_hypothalamus
  • posterior_raphe_nucleus_of_midbrain
  • cerebellar_cortex
  • brain_stem
  • periventricular_nucleus_of_hypothalamus
  • thalamus
  • cerebellum
  • corpus_striatum
  • corpus_callosum
  • pallidum
  • substantia_nigra
  • central_nerve_system_element
  • medulla_oblongata
  • supra-optic_nucleus
  • lateral_hypothalamic_area
  • reticular_part_of_substantia_nigra
  • pyramidal_layer_of_hippocampus
  • circulatory_system__hematopoietic_system
  • red_nucleus
  • parts_of_human_body
  • hypothalamus
  • white_matter
  • nerve

Substructures

    Secreted hormones

    • Hormone: TNF-alpha

      • Microglia produce molecules including NO and TNF-alpha that can be toxic to CNS cells including myelin-producing oligodendrocytes and neurons, which are compromised in the course of MS. [1]

    • Hormone: 2-Arachidonoylglycerol

    Receptors

    • Receptor: ER-beta

      Induced phenotype:

      • regulation of inflammatory response
        • ER beta specific ligands potently inhibit transcriptional activation of inflammatory response genes in microglia and astrocytes. [2]

    • Receptor: PPARgamma1

      • The observation that PPAR-gamma is involved in the regulation of macrophage differentiation and activation in the peripheral organs has prompted the investigation of the functional role of PPAR-gamma in microglial cells, the main macrophage population of the CNS. [3]

    • Receptor: Lysophosphatidic acid receptor 1

      Induced phenotype:

      • membrane hyperpolarization
        • Several cellular functions of LPA signaling in microglia have been observed, including cell membrane hyperpolarization. [4]
      • positive regulation of chemokinesis
        • Several cellular functions of LPA signaling in microglia have been observed, including enhanced chemokinesis. [4]
      • membrane ruffling
        • Several cellular functions of LPA signaling in microglia have been observed, including membrane ruffling. [5]
      • positive regulation of cytokine production
        • Several cellular functions of LPA signaling in microglia have been observed, including growth factor upregulation. [4]
      • regulation of glia cell proliferation
        • Several cellular functions of LPA signaling in microglia have been observed, including proliferation. [4]

    • Receptor: Lysophosphatidic acid receptor 3

      Induced phenotype:

      • regulation of inflammatory response
        • It is notable that LPA3 is upregulated in lipopolysaccharide-stimulated microglia, suggesting a role for LPA signaling in activated microglia during neuroinflammation. [6]

    • Receptor: Psychosine receptor

      Induced phenotype:

      • Krabbe disease
        • The secondary accumulation of Psy in microglia probably induces the formation of globoid cells. [7]

    • Receptor: mineralcorticoid receptor

      Induced phenotype:

      • positive regulation of immune response
        • Corticosterone exerts its immunostimulatory effects via both corticosteroid receptors in a concentration dependent manner in microglial cells. [8]

    • Receptor: glucocorticoid receptor

      Induced phenotype:

      • negative regulation of immune response
        • Corticosterone exerts its effects via both corticosteroid receptors in a concentration dependent manner in microglial cells. [8]

    • Receptor: CX3CR1

    Reference