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Details for anatomical structure: oligodendrocyte

EndoNet ID: ENC00472

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Synonyms

oligodendrocyte, , Oligodendrocytus

General information

Oligodendrocyte are present in both gray matter and white matter; forms the myelin sheaths in central nervous system.

Links to other resources

Cytomer cy0011359

Larger structures

  • area_postrema_of_pons
  • isocortex
  • glial_cell_of_central_nervous_system
  • brain
  • peripheral_nerve_system_element
  • epiphysis
  • pituitary_gland_of_diencephalon
  • arcuate_nucleus_of_hypothalamus
  • spinal_cord
  • hippocampus
  • tegmentum_of_mesencephalon
  • internal_ear
  • cerebral_cortex
  • amygdaloid_body
  • suprachiasmatic_nucleus_of_hypothalamus
  • posterior_raphe_nucleus_of_midbrain
  • cerebellar_cortex
  • brain_stem
  • periventricular_nucleus_of_hypothalamus
  • thalamus
  • cerebellum
  • corpus_striatum
  • corpus_callosum
  • pallidum
  • substantia_nigra
  • central_nerve_system_element
  • medulla_oblongata
  • supra-optic_nucleus
  • lateral_hypothalamic_area
  • reticular_part_of_substantia_nigra
  • pyramidal_layer_of_hippocampus
  • circulatory_system__hematopoietic_system
  • red_nucleus
  • parts_of_human_body
  • hypothalamus
  • white_matter
  • nerve

Substructures

    Secreted hormones

    • Hormone: APOD

    Receptors

    • Receptor: Sphingosine 1-phosphate receptor 5

      Induced phenotype:

      • regulation of myelination
        • S1P5 expressed by oligodendrocytes might play a role in normal myelination and in demyelinating diseases, such as multiple sclerosis, as its expression is restricted to oligodendrocytes throughout development from immature stages to myelin-forming cells. [1]

    • Receptor: integrin alpha-6/beta-1

    • Receptor: GLAST

      Induced phenotype:

      • excitotoxcicity
        • The uptake of glutamate from the synaptic cleft by GLAST is crucial for the termination of excitatory neurotransmission. thereby preventing pathologic excitotoxicity. [2]

    • Receptor: Lysophosphatidic acid receptor 1

      Induced phenotype:

      • myelin formation in the central nervous system
        • A significant role for LPA signaling in myelination was suggested by the Lpar1 gene expression pattern that spatially and temporally correlated with oligodendrocyte myelination. [3]
        • LPA has a positive effect on process formation and myelin basic protein production in oligodendrocytes. [4]
      • cell maturation
        • A significant role for LPA signaling in myelination was suggested by the Lpar1 gene expression pattern that spatially and temporally correlated with oligodendrocyte maturation. [5]
        • Oligodendrocytes, the myelin-forming glial cells in the CNS, express LPA1 and LPA3 during differentiation. [5]

    • Receptor: Lysophosphatidic acid receptor 3

    • Receptor: Psychosine receptor

      Induced phenotype:

      • positive regulation of glial cell apoptosis
        • Psy is primarily accumulated in oligodendroglia, which contain abundant GalCer, a precursor of Psy. The accumulated Psy is cytotoxic, and these cells were therefore injured or died on Psy accumulation, probably due to apoptosis. [6]
    Reference