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Details for messenger / hormone: Oxytocin-Neurophysin 1

EndoNet ID: ENH00098

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Synonyms

  • oxytocin
  • OXT
  • OT-NPI
  • ocytocin
  • Oxytocin-Neurophysin 1

General information

  • Polypeptide hormone. [1]
  • oxytocin protects renal tissue against ischemia/reperfusion-induced oxidative damage. [2]
  • Stimulates contradiction of smooth muscle of the uterus during delivery and facilitates release of milk from breast. [1]
  • Oxytocin inhibits the ACTH release. [3]
  • oxytocin plays an important role in central nervous system regulatory peptide. [4]
  • There are 2 proteins encoded by this gene, oxitocin and neurophysin I. Oxytocin is posterior pituitary hormone which is synthesized as an inactive precursor...together with neurophysin I it is packaged into neurosecretory vesicles and transported axonally to the nerve endings in the neurohypophysis, where it is either stored or secreted into the blood stream. [5]

Classification

Hormone function

  • reproduction and sexual differentiation
    • reproduction

    Chemical classification

    • hormone
      • genome-encoded
        • vasopressin/oxytocin family

      Composition

      Oxytocin

      • Cleaved into Oxytocin and Neurophysin I [6]
      • all neurohypophysial hormones are nonapeptides with a disulfide bridge between cy residiues 1 and 6. [7]
      • OXYTOCIN CAUSES CONTRACTION OF THE SMOOTH MUSCLE OF THE UTERUS AND THE MAMMARY GLAND [6]
      Sequence 
      MAGPSLACC LLGLLALTS ACYIQNCPL 
GGKRAAPDL DVRKCLPCG PGGKGRCFG 
PNICCAEEL GCFVGTAEA LRCQEENYL 
PSPCQSGQK ACGSGGRCA VLGLCCSPD 
GCHADPACD AEATFSQR

      Neurophysin I

      • Neurophysin I specifically binds oxytocin [6]
      Sequence 
      AAPDLDVRK CLPCGPGGK GRCFGPNIC 
CAEELGCFV GTAEALRCQ EENYLPSPC 
QSGQKACGS GGRCAVLGL CCSPDGCHA 
DPACDAEAT FSQR

      Links to other resources

      UniProt P01178
      Ensembl ENST00000217386
      KEGG hsa:5020

      • Anatomical structure: supra-optic_nucleus

      • Anatomical structure: paraventricular_nucleus_of_hypothalamus

        • Is stored in the neurohypophysis. [8]
        • Oxytocin neurons in the human PVN have a role in food regulation as satiety neurons. [9]

        Influenced by:

        • thyroid hormone receptor beta 2
          in paraventricular_nucleus_of_hypothalamus
          • TRH inhibits oxytocin biosynthesis in adult rats [10]

      • Anatomical structure: thymus

        • The Neuropeptide oxytocin is synthesized in the human thymus in a similar manner as in the hypothalamic-neurohypophyseal system. [11]

      • Anatomical structure: testis

      • Anatomical structure: uterus

      • Anatomical structure: placenta

        • However, OT is also synthesized in peripheral tissues, e.g. uterus, placeta, amnion, corpus luteum, testis and heart. [7]

      • Anatomical structure: corpus_luteum

        • However, OT is also synthesized in peripheral tissues, e.g. uterus, placeta, amnion, corpus luteum, testis and heart. [7]

      • Anatomical structure: heart

        • However, OT is also synthesized in peripheral tissues, e.g. uterus, placeta, amnion, corpus luteum, testis and heart. [7]

      Targets

      CellOTRV1aV1b
      basophil corticotroph cell of anterior pituitary Present
      Influences
      • ↑ ACTH
      hepatocyte Present
      kidney Present
      lung Present
      mammary gland Present
      Phenotypes
      • milk ejection
      thymus Present
      Phenotypes
      • thymocyte proliferation
      		Present
      Phenotypes
      • regulation of T cell differentiation
      Reference