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Details for messenger / hormone: alpha-MSH

EndoNet ID: ENH00156

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Synonyms

  • alpha-melanocyte stimulating hormone
  • Beta-MSH
  • Gamma-LPH
  • Beta-LPH
  • adrenocorticotropic hormone
  • Gamma-MSH
  • Corticotropin-lipotropin
  • Pro-opiomelanocortin
  • melanotropin alpha
  • alpha-MSH
  • alpha-melanocortin

General information

  • It is derived from the precursor, prepro-opiomelanortin (POMC). [1]
  • Irradiation of human keratinocytes or melanocytes with ultraviolet (UV) rays stimulates the synthesis and release of alpha-melanotropin (alpha-MSH) and adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH), which induce cyclic AMP (cAMP) formation and increase the proliferation and melanogenesis of human melanocytes. [2]
  • Melanotropin is a peptide having several functions, including the stimulation of melanogenesis and the modulation of proliferation of melanocytes and melanoma cells. It acts through binding to high-affinity receptors of the melanocortin-1 subtype, exclusively expressed in cells of the melanocytic lineage. [3]
  • Alpha-melanocyte-stimulating hormone down-regulates CXC receptors through activation of neutrophil elastase. [4]
  • Alpha-MSH interacts predominantly with melanocortin-1 receptors and inhibits several IL-8-induced biological responses in macrophages and neutrophils. [4]
  • Melanotropins (MSH) are involved in tanning by stimulating melanocytes via the activation of the melanocortin-1 receptor to melanin production [5]

Classification

Hormone function

  • homeostasis
    • further hormone secretion

    Chemical classification

    • hormone
      • genome-encoded
        • POMC family

      Composition

      Sequence 
      SYSMEHFRW GKPV

      Links to other resources

      UniProt P01189
      Ensembl ENST00000405623
      KEGG hsa:5443

      • Anatomical structure: arcuate_nucleus_of_hypothalamus

        • In the human hypothalamus, cell bodies containing alpha-MSH were exclusively located in the infundibular (arcuate) nucleus. [6]
        • Alpha-MSH is upregulated by Leptin. [7]

        Influenced by:

        • leptin receptor
          in arcuate_nucleus_of_hypothalamus
        • insulin receptor
          in arcuate_nucleus_of_hypothalamus

      • Anatomical structure: pituitary_gland_of_diencephalon

      • Anatomical structure: hair_follicle

      Targets

      CellMC1Rmelanocortin receptor 3melanocortin receptor 5melanocortin-4 receptor
      adipose tissue Present
      Influences
      • ↑ interleukin 6
      		Present
      Influences
      • ↓ leptin
      arcuate nucleus of hypothalamus Present
      Phenotypes
      • negative regulation of appetite
      		Present
      Phenotypes
      • negative regulation of appetite
      continuous vascular endothelial cell of blood vessels and lymphatics Present
      epithelial cell Present
      fibroblast Present
      Phenotypes
      • suppression of interstitial fibrosis
      hair follicle Present
      heart Present
      keratinocyte Present
      Leydig cell of testis Present
      melanocyte Present
      Phenotypes
      • melanin synthesis
      • antiapoptotic effect
      Influences
      • MSH
      paraventricular nucleus of hypothalamus Present
      Phenotypes
      • promotion of positive energy balance
      • negative regulation of appetite
      • obesity
      		Present
      Phenotypes
      • promotion of positive energy balance
      • negative regulation of appetite
      • obesity
      placenta Present
      sebaceous glands Present
      Phenotypes
      • sebogenesis
      • sebaceous gland development
      skin Present
      Influences
      • MSH
      testis Present
      		Present
      		Present
      Reference