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Details for messenger / hormone: PAI-1

EndoNet ID: ENH00203

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Synonyms

  • plasminogen activator factor-1
  • PLANH1
  • serpin peptidase inhibitor, clade E, member 1
  • serine proteinase inhibitor, clade E (nexin, plasminogen activator inhibitor type 1), member 1
  • SERPINE1
  • PAI-1
  • PAI 1
  • plasminogen activator inhibitor-1
  • endothelial plasminogen activator inhibitor
  • PAI
  • PAI1

General information

  • Protease nexin-1 and plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 are serine protease inhibitors that bind to the extracellular matrix protein vitronectin with high affinity. [1]
  • PAI-1 is produced by adipose tissue, and elevated PAI-1 levels in plasma are a risk factor in the metabolic syndrome. [2]
  • TNF alpha is a key mediator of obesity-linked elevation of PAI-1. [3]
  • PAI-1 is a serine protease inhibitor that prevents plasmin generation and plasmin-mediated events such as fibrinolysis and extracellular matrix degradation. [3]
  • Obese individuals show elevated viscosity and risk factors such as fibrinogen, PAI-1, CRP etc. [4]
  • Catecholamines are able to down-regulate PAI-1 expression and secretion in human adipocytes via beta-adrenergic receptors. [5]
  • PAI-1, the major inhibitor of both urokinase- (u-PA) and tissue-type (t-PA) plasminogen activators, is a 50-kDa glycoprotein present in blood platelets and synthesized by endothelial cells, muscle cells and fibroblast cells. [6]
  • Post-transcriptional regulation of PAI-1 by intracellular iron in cultured human lung fibroblasts--interaction of an 81-kDa nuclear protein with the 3'-UTR. [6]
  • The combination of hypertriglyceridemia, glucose intolerance and inflammation is linked with increased production of the primary inhibitor of endogenous thrombolysis, PAI-1. [7]

Classification

Hormone function

  • homeostasis
    • cardiovascular control

    Chemical classification

    • hormone
      • genome-encoded
        • serpin family

      Composition

      Sequence 
      VHHPPSYVA HLASDFGVR VFQQVAQAS 
KDRNVVFSP YGVASVLAM LQLTTGGET 
QQQIQAAMG FKIDDKGMA PALRHLYKE 
LMGPWNKDE ISTTDAIFV QRDLKLVQG 
FMPHFFRLF RSTVKQVDF SEVERARFI 
INDWVKTHT KGMISNLLG KGAVDQLTR 
LVLVNALYF NGQWKTPFP DSSTHRRLF 
HKSDGSTVS VPMMAQTNK FNYTEFTTP 
DGHYYDILE LPYHGDTLS MFIAAPYEK 
EVPLSALTN ILSAQLISH WKGNMTRLP 
RLLVLPKFS LETEVDLRK PLENLGMTD 
MFRQFQADF TSLSDQEPL HVAQALQKV 
KIEVNESGT VASSSTAVI VSARMAPEE 
IIMDRPFLF VVRHNPTGT VLFMGQVME 
P

      Links to other resources

      UniProt P05121
      Ensembl ENST00000445463
      KEGG hsa:5054

      • Anatomical structure: adipose_tissue

        • PAI-1, the major inhibitor of both urokinase- (u-PA) and tissue-type (t-PA) plasminogen activators, is a 50-kDa glycoprotein present in blood platelets and synthesized by endothelial cells, muscle cells and fibroblast cells. [6]
        • TNF-alpha, but not IL-6, stimulates plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 expression in human subcutaneous adipose tissue. [2]

      • Anatomical structure: keratinocyte

        • The protease inhibitor PAI-1 has an essential role in cell motility, and its growth factor-initiated transcription in keratinocytes is regulated by USF elements. [8]

      • Anatomical structure: fat_cell

        Influenced by:

        • beta-2 adrenoreceptor
          in fat_cell
          • Catecholamines are able to down-regulate PAI-1 expression and secretion in human adipocytes via beta-adrenergic receptors. [5]

      Targets

      Cell
      No records found.
      Reference