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Details for messenger / hormone: abeta40

EndoNet ID: ENH00355

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Synonyms

  • amyloid intracellular domain 50
  • Gamma-CTF(50)
  • amyloid intracellular domain 57
  • Gamma-CTF(57)
  • amyloid intracellular domain 59
  • Gamma-CTF(59)
  • Beta-APP42
  • protease nexin-II
  • cerebral vascular amyloid peptide
  • PreA4
  • APPI
  • ABPP
  • Alzheimer disease amyloid protein
  • amyloid beta A4 protein
  • amyloid beta peptide 40
  • APP beta peptide 40aa
  • abeta40
  • beta-amyloid protein 40
  • beta-APP40
  • abeta 40

General information

  • Ubiquilin 1 modulates amyloid precursor protein trafficking and Abeta secretion. [1]
  • Gamma-Secretase is a membrane protein complex with an unusual aspartyl protease activity that catalyses the regulated intramembranous cleavage of the beta-amyloid precursor protein (APP) to release the Alzheimer's disease (AD)-associated amyloid beta-peptide (Abeta) and the APP intracellular domain (AICD). [2]
  • Abeta40 plays a critical role in Alzheimer's by inhibiting the aggregation of Abeta42 monomer. [3]
  • Abeta40 and Abeta42 have opposing effects on amyloid deposition: Abeta42 promotes amyloid deposition but Abeta40 inhibits it. [4]
  • Amyloid beta protein 40 (Abeta40) and 42 (Abeta42), major components of senile plaque amyloids, are physiological peptides present in the brain, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and plasma. [5]
  • Metallothionein-III antagonizes the neurotoxic and neurotrophic effects of amyloid beta peptides. [6]
  • Neurotoxic; part of cerebral plaque in Alzheimer's disease.

Classification

Hormone function

  • metabolism
    • cell metabolism

    Chemical classification

    • hormone
      • genome-encoded
        • cytokines

    Composition

    Sequence 
    DAEFRHDSG YEVHHQKLV FFAEDVGSN 
KGAIIGLMV GGVV

    Links to other resources

    UniProt P05067
    Ensembl ENST00000346798
    KEGG hsa:351

    • Anatomical structure: brain

      Influenced by:

      • thrombin receptor
        in brain
        • The amyloid beta-protein (A beta) and protease nexin-2/amyloid beta-protein precursor (PN-2/A beta PP) are major constituents of senile plaques and cerebrovascular deposits in individuals with Alzheimer's disease and related disorders. It has been suggested that the coagulation protease thrombin may process A beta PP in a manner leading to the formation of A beta. [7]
        • Effects of thrombin on the secretion and processing of PN-2/A beta PP and the production of A beta in a cellular system. [7]
        • Thrombin does not directly contribute to A beta formation, its proteolysis of secreted PN-2/A beta PP may disrupt regions near the carboxyl terminus of the secreted proteins that account for their neuroprotective and cell adhesive properties. [7]
        • Thrombin was found to proteolyze secreted forms of A beta PP proteins and, through activation of its cell surface receptor, induce secretion of PN-2/A beta PP in certain cell types resulting in decreased levels of soluble A beta. These findings demonstrate that thrombin causes nonamyloidogenic processing of ApPP in cultured cells. [7]

    • Anatomical structure: cerebrospinal_fluid

    • Anatomical structure: neuron

    Targets

    Cell
    No records found.
    Reference