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Details for messenger / hormone: NODAL

EndoNet ID: ENH00683

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Synonyms

  • NODAL
  • nodal homolog
  • nodal-related protein

General information

  • Essential for mesoderm formation and subsequent organization of axial structures.
  • Nodal is a long-range signaling molecule controlled by the feedback inhibitor Lefty2. [1]
  • Nodal, which is a member of the TGFbeta superfamily, plays a pivotal role in inducing and patterning mesoderm and endoderm, and in regulating neurogenesis and left-right axis asymmetry. [2]
  • GDF-1 and Nodal converge on ALK4 in the anterior primitive streak to control the formation of organizing centers that are necessary for normal forebrain and branchial arch development. [3]
  • Antagonists of Nodal are: Cerberus/Dan family members, Bmp3/Bmp7, Lefty proteins, Tomoregulin-1, Nicalin/Nomo, Dapper2, and Drap1. [2]
  • Nodal dimer binds to type I and type II serine/threonine kinasse receptors, in the presence, or absence, of coreceptor epidermal growth factor-Cripto-FRL1-Cryptic (EGF-CFC) protein, resulting in formation of a ligand-receptor complex that is internalized by the cell. [2]
  • Nodal provoques the activation of the effectors Smad2 and Smad3, and these effectors form complexes with Smad4. These complexes interact with other transcription factors in the nucleus to regulate the expression of specific genes. [2]
  • Activin/Nodal and FGF pathways cooperate to maintain pluripotency of human embryonic stem cells. [4]
  • Nodal induces apoptosis and inhibits proliferation via ALK7 and Smad2/3 and that the effect of Nodal-ALK7 on apoptosis may be mediated in part by the down-regulation of Xiap and activation of caspase-9 and caspase-3. [5]
  • Nodal and ALK7 inhibit proliferation and induce apoptosis in human trophoblast cells. [6]

Classification

Hormone function

Chemical classification

Composition

mouse nodal homolog (2 times)

Sequence 
ALLRTRGQP SSPSPLAYM LSLYRDPLP 
RADIIRSLQ AEDVAVDGQ NWTFAFDFS 
FLSQQEDLA WAELRLQLS SPVDLPTEG 
SLAIEIFHQ PKPDTEQAS DSCLERFQM 
DLFTVTLSQ VTFSLGSMV LEVTRPLSK 
WLKRPGALE KQMSRVAGE CWPRPPTPP 
ATNVLLMLY SNLSQEQRQ LGGSTLLWE 
AESSWRAQE GQLSWEWGK RHRRHHLPD 
RSQLCRKVK FQVDFNLIG WGSWIIYPK 
QYNAYRCEG ECPNPVGEE FHPTNHAYI 
QSLLKRYQP HRVPSTCCA PVKTKPLSM 
LYVDNGRVL LDHHKDMIV EECGCL

Links to other resources

UniProt Q96S42
Ensembl ENST00000287139
KEGG hsa:4838

    Targets

    CellACTRIIAALK4ALK7
    adipose tissue Present
    Phenotypes
    • regulation of adipose-tissue homeostasis
    basophil gonadotroph cell of anterior pituitary FSH Present
    Influences
    • ↑ FSH
    • ↑ LH
    cell of endometrium of uterus Present
    Phenotypes
    • cell differentiation
    		Present
    Reference