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Details for messenger / hormone: glutamate

EndoNet ID: ENH00734

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Synonyms

  • glutamate
  • 2-aminopentanedioic acid
  • 2-aminoglutaric acid
  • glutaminic acid
  • Glu

General information

  • One of the principal amino acid neurotransmitters in the brain, has a critical role in the development of neuronal networks.
  • Reduced medial preoptic area Glu transmission contributes to reproductive aging by attenuating excitatory input to GnRH neurons. [1]
  • Glutamate induces apoptosis in anterior pituitary cells through group II metabotropic glutamate receptor activation. [2]

Classification

Hormone function

  • CNS function
    • learning / memory
      • neurotransmitter

      Chemical classification

      • hormone
        • genome-encoded
          • small-molecule neurotransmitters

        Composition

        Links to other resources

        KEGG C00302

        • Anatomical structure: cerebellum

          Influenced by:

          • CB1
            in cerebellum

        • Anatomical structure: corpus_striatum

        • Anatomical structure: frontal_lobe

          Influenced by:

          • 5-ht-6R
            in frontal_lobe
            • The stimulation of the 5-HT6 receptor by the antagonist SB-271046 produce a significant increase in extracellular glutamate concentration. [3]

        Targets

        CellGluR delta-1GluR-1GluR-2GluR-3GluR-4GluR-5GluR-6GluR-7GRIN1GRIN2AGRIN2BGRIN2CKA1KA2mGluR1mGluR2mGluR3mGluR4mGluR5mGluR6mGluR7mGluR8
        brain Present
        Phenotypes
        • high frequency hearing
        		Present
        		Present
        		Present
        cerebellum Present
        cerebral cortex Present
        Influences
        • ↑ sAPP
        granular layer of cerebellar cortex Present
        		Present
        		Present
        hippocampus Present
        Influences
        • ↑ sAPP
        		Present
        hypothalamus Present
        Purkinje cell Present
        		Present
        		Present
        pyramidal layer of hippocampus Present
        		Present
        thalamus Present
        Reference