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Details for receptor: Sphingosine 1-phosphate receptor 2

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EndoNet ID: ENR00759

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Synonyms

  • edg5
  • Sphingosine 1-phosphate receptor 2
  • Sphingosine 1-phosphate receptor Edg-5
  • Endothelial differentiation G-protein coupled receptor 5
  • S1PR2

General information

  • Belongs to the G-protein coupled receptor 1 family.

Links to other resources

UniProt O95136
Ensembl ENST00000317726

Subunit information

Subunit (1 times)

Sequence 
MGSLYSEYL NPNKVQEHY NYTKETLET 
QETTSRQVA SAFIVILCC AIVVENLLV 
LIAVARNSK FHSAMYLFL GNLAASDLL 
AGVAFVANT LLSGSVTLR LTPVQWFAR 
EGSAFITLS ASVFSLLAI AIERHVAIA 
KVKLYGSDK SCRMLLLIG ASWLISLVL 
GGLPILGWN CLGHLEACS TVLPLYAKH 
YVLCVVTIF SIILLAIVA LYVRIYCVV 
RSSHADMAA PQTLALLKT VTIVLGVFI 
VCWLPAFSI LLLDYACPV HSCPILYKA 
HYFFAVSTL NSLLNPVIY TWRSRDLRR 
EVLRPLQCW RPGVGVQGR RRGGTPGHH 
LLPLRSSSS LERGMHMPT SPTFLEGNT 
VV
UniProt O95136-1

Binding hormones

  • sphingosine 1-phosphate
    • Receptor for the lysosphingolipid sphingosine 1-phosphate (S1P).
  • Sphingosylphosphorylcholine
    • All of the subsequently identified S1P receptors of the EDG family exhibited a low affinity for SPC and might thus rather mediate some of SPC's extracellular actions in the low micromolar concentration range. [1]

Anatomical structures with this receptor

  • thyroid_gland

    Induced phenotypes

    • regulation of cellular calcium homeostasis
      • Calcium entry is one of the main regulators of intracellular signaling. Calcium entry pathway is blocked by sphingosine, and activation of sphingosine kinase 1 (SK1) and the production of sphingosine 1-phosphate (S1P), through an autocrine mechanism, facilitate calcium entry through activation of S1P receptor 2. This is a novel mechanism by which the sphingosine-S1P rheostat regulates cellular calcium homeostasis. [2]

  • dendritic_cell_in_lymphoid_tissues

  • eosinophil_granulocyte

  • macrophage

    Induced phenotypes

    • negative regulation of cytokine production
      • Peritoneal macrophages from low-density lipoprotein-receptor-deficient mice, which are a model for atherosclerosis, that had been treated with FTY720 (FTY720 is a sphingosine analogue that could be phosphorylated by SPHKs to produce a S1PR ligand with potent effects, including S1PR agonism and the downregulation of S1PR expression) had a markedly decreased production of inflammatory tumour-necrosis factor (TNF), TNF receptor (TNFR) and IL-6 in response to LPS. [3]

  • mast_cell

    Induced phenotypes

    • negative regulation of mast cell degranulation
      • Loss of S1PR2 inhibits high-affinity Fc receptor for IgE-induced mast-cell degranulation (that is, the ability to release granule-stored mast-cell allergic mediators such as histamine). [4]

  • killer_T_cell

    Induced phenotypes

    • positive regulation of chemotaxis
      • S1P induces chemotaxis of thymocytes, T and B lymphocytes. [5]

  • immune_system

  • neuron

    Induced phenotypes

    • regulation of membrane potential
      • S1PR2 (Edg-5) regulates neuronal excitability. [6]
      • Edg-5 plays an essential, unanticipated and functionally important role in the proper development and/or mediation of neuronal excitability. [6]
    • negative regulation of neuron projection development
      • S1PR2 is a cell surface receptor responsible for cell rounding and neurite retraction induced by S1P. [7]

  • osteoblast

    Induced phenotypes

    • positive regulation of osteoblast proliferation
      • S1P is a potent osteoblast mitogen in vitro, exerting its proliferative effects in part via a signaling pathway that involves edg5. [8]

  • T-lymphocyte

    Induced phenotypes

    • negative regulation of T cell apoptosis
      • Protection of T lymphocytes from apoptosis by S1P was associated with suppression of Bax expression via an EDG5- and EDG3-dependent mechanism. [9]

  • heart

    Induced phenotypes

    • heart development
      • A zebrafish mutation in the mil gene indicates a role of S1P2 receptor in the development of the cardiovascular system. Mutants showed a defective migration of the cardiac muscle progenitor cells from lateral positions to the midline resulting in the development of two hearts. [10]

  • lung

  • thymus

    Induced phenotypes

    • positive regulation of chemotaxis
      • S1P and its S1P1 receptor control emigration of thymocytes into the blood flow and the recirculation and tissue distribution of T and B cells exerting direct chemotactic effects. [5]

  • brain

    Induced phenotypes

    • neuron projection morphogenesis
      • In neuronal cell culture, SP1 acts through S1P2 and S1P5 to regulate neurite retraction and soma rounding. [11]

  • liver

  • kidney

  • spleen

  • adipose_tissue

    Induced phenotypes

    • promotion of mesenchymal cell differentiation
      • S1P2 appears to be, by pharmacological inhibition, the most important receptor for transmitting the myogenic signal brought about by S1P. [12]
      • S1P promotes differentiation of adipose tissue-derived mesenchymal stem cells towards smooth muscle cells, by enhancing the expression of myogenic marker proteins and by inducing the onset of ionic currents which are characteristic of myogenic phenotype. [12]

  • stomach

  • small_intestine

  • adrenal_gland

    Influences

    • positive aldosterone
      • S1P is a novel regulator of aldosterone secretion, which is crucial for hemodynamic stability. The stimulation of aldosterone secretion by S1P involves the PLD/PAP pathway and that Gi proteins, extracellular Ca2+, and the PKC isoforms alpha and delta are all important components of the signaling pathways controlling this process. [13]

  • smooth_muscle_cell

    Induced phenotypes

    • positive regulation of cell proliferation
      • S1P induces contraction and proliferation of smooth muscle cells. [14]

  • keratinocyte

Reference