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Details for receptor: angiotensin II type 1 receptor

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EndoNet ID: ENR00808

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Synonyms

  • AT1
  • angiotensin II type 1 receptor
  • AGTR1
  • angiotensin receptor 1
  • AT2R1

General information

  • The AT 1 receptor belongs to the seven membrane-spanning G protein-coupled receptor family and exerts its effects through the heterotrimeric Gq protein. [1]
  • The AT 1 receptor is ubiquitously and abundantly distributed in adult tissues, including the vasculature, heart, kidney, adipose tissue, brain, liver, adrenal gland and lung. [1]
  • This receptor seems to mediate all the classic effects of Ang II, such as vasoconstriction, aldosterone release from the adrenal gland, renal sodium and water reabsorption, and blood pressure increase. [1]
  • Activated HSCs express AT1 and AT2 receptors, AT1 is the predominantly receptor type. [2]
  • The angiotensin II type 1 receptor has a crucial role in load-induced cardiac hypertrophy. [3]
  • The luteal tissue is the major site of Ang II, ACE, AT1R, and VEGF. [4]

Links to other resources

UniProt P30556
Ensembl ENST00000404754

Binding hormones

  • angiotensinogen
  • angiotensin II

Anatomical structures with this receptor

  • cell_of_adrenal_gland_zona_glomerulosa

    Influences

    • positive aldosterone
      • Ang II acts on the adrenal zona glomerulosa to stimulate aldosterone production via specific G-protein-coupled receptors (AT1 receptors). [5]
      • The dopamine agonists bromocriptine and cabergoline induced a significant inhibition of the angiotensin II-induced aldosterone secretion, cabergoline being significantly more effective than bromocriptine. [6]
      • In vitro studies with isolated adrenal glomerulosa cells demonstrated that the activation of D2 receptors resulted in a remarkable inhibition of angiotensin II-induced aldosterone secretion, whereas it did not influence basal and ACTH induced aldosterone secretion. [6]
      • High concentration of alpha-MSH significantly inhibited Ang II-stimulated aldosterone secretion. [7]

    Induced phenotypes

    • positive regulation of phospholipid catabolic process
      • A number of cellular events are triggered by the interaction of AII with its receptor. These include phospholipid breakdown, with consequent increases in diacylglycerol, inositol phosphates and intracellular calcium, protein kinase C activation, inhibition of adenylate cyclase and arachidonic acid metabolism. [8]

  • circulatory_system__hematopoietic_system

    Induced phenotypes

    • regulation of vasoconstriction
      • AT1 receptors are principially involved in the regulation of vasoconstriction. [9]
    • angiogenesis
      • AT1 receptors are implicated in angiogenesis. [10]
    • vasoconstriction
      • AT1 mediates vasoconstriction through Ang2 [1]
    • regulation of vascular smooth muscle cell proliferation
      • AT1 is implicated in vascular smooth muscle proliferation. [10]

  • heart

  • kidney

    Induced phenotypes

    • salt and fluid balance
      • AT1 receptors are principially involved in the regulation of salt and fluid balance. [9]
    • renal water reabsorption
      • AT1 mediates reneal water reabsorption through Ang2 [1]
    • blood pressure increase
    • negative regulation of natriuresis
      • In the kidney, activation of AT1 receptors is associated with renal vasoconstriction and antinatriuresis. [11]
    • regulation of blood pressure
      • Renal AT1 receptors have unique and nonredundant actions in blood pressure homeostasis. [12]
      • Blood pressure is regulated by direct effects of AT1 receptors on kidney cells, independent of any impact of mineralocorticoids. [12]

  • adipose_tissue

    Induced phenotypes

    • differentiation of preadipocytes
      • The production of angiotensin II in conjunction with the angiotensin II type 1 receptor has been demonstrated to regulate the differentiation and the growth of adipocytes. [13]
    • positive regulation of lipid metabolic process
      • The expression of angiotensin II type 1 receptor in adipocytes participates in the lipid metabolism. [13]
    • regulation of lipid metabolic process
      • An angiotensin II AT1 receptor antagonist influences lipid metabolism in adipose tissue by promoting adipose tissue rearrangement and modulating adipokine expression and release. [14]
      • The activity of local renin-angiotensin system plays an important role in adipose tissue metabolism. [14]

  • brain

    Induced phenotypes

    • regulation of blood pressure
      • In the brain, intraventricular injection of angiotensin II causes a dramatic pressor response mediated by AT1 receptors. [15]
      • AT1 receptors outside the kidney also make a unique contribution to blood pressure homeostasis that is virtually equivalent to and independent of the intrarenal actions of angiotensin II. [12]
      • AT1 receptors in the CNS and/or in the vasculature are more likely to mediate the component of blood pressure regulation that is independent of the kidney. [12]

  • adrenal_gland

  • lung

  • theca_cell

  • theca_lutein_cell

  • granulosa_cell

    Induced phenotypes

    • regulation of angiogenesis
      • In conjunction with the angiotensin II type 1 receptor, angiotensin II mediates angiogenesis in the ovary via secretion of vascular endothelial growth factor. [16]

  • corpus_luteum

  • tertiary_follicle

  • ovary

    Influences

    • angiotensin II
      • There is considerable evidence for a mammalian ovarian renin–angiotensin system, which may influence ovulation, angiogenesis and steroidogenesis via the autocrine and/or paracrine actions of the biologically active product of the cascade, angiotensin II. [17]

    Induced phenotypes

    • steroidogenesis
      • Angiotensin II has many roles in the ovary, including steroidogenesis. [17]
    • angiogenesis
      • Angiotensin II has many roles in the ovary, including angiogenesis. [17]
    • ovarian follicle development
      • Angiotensin II has many roles in the ovary, including folliculogenesis. [17]

  • lipocyte_of_liver

    Influences

    • negative TGF-beta 1
      • Angiotensin II receptor antagonist may also suppress the HSC activation through the decrease of TGF-beta1. [18]
    • angiotensin II

  • hepatocyte

    Influences

    • positive angiotensinogen
      • Angiotensin II stimulates the hepatic synthesis and secretion of angiotensinogen, the substrate of renin. This effect is mainly related to a transient inhibition of adenylylcyclase. [19]

  • cardiac_myocyte

  • proximal_tubule_of_nephron

    Influences

    • positive angiotensin II
      • Autocrine positive angiotensin II feedback: angiotensin II upregulates angiotensinogen mRNA expression, mediated via angiotensin type 1 receptor. [20]
    • positive angiotensin II
      • Autocrine positive angiotensin II feedback: angiotensin II upregulates angiotensinogen mRNA expression, mediated via angiotensin type 1 receptor [20]

  • fibroblast

    Influences

    • positive angiotensin II
      • In renal interstitial fibroblasts angiotensin II up-regulates angiotensinogen gene expression, thereby causing hyperplasia and extracellular matrix production via tha angiotensin type 1 receptor. [21]
    • positive angiotensin II
      • In renal interstitial fibroblasts angiotensin II up-regulates angiotensinogen gene expression, thereby causing hyperplasia and extracellular matrix production via tha angiotensin type 1 receptor. [21]

  • blood_vessel

  • adrenal_cortex

    Induced phenotypes

    • positive regulation of renal sodium ion absorption
      • In the adrenal cortex, their activation stimulates the release of aldosterone, thereby promoting sodium reabsorption in the mineralocorticoid-responsive segments of the distal nephron. [22]

  • Goormaghtighs_cell

    Influences

    • negative renin
      • Activation of AT1 receptors at the juxtaglomerular apparatus suppresses renin release through the so-called short-loop feedback mechanism. [23]
Reference